PHIL 201 Quiz 2 Liberty University

Set 1

1. A one-to-one comparison between two or more things is:
2. If one agrees with the conclusion of an argument then it is a good argument.
3. Identify the following type of syllogism: “All philosophers are good looking individuals. All good looking individuals are intelligent. Therefore all philosophers are intelligent.
4. A mixed hypothetical syllogism in which the premise denies the consequent is called:
5. The most common form of inductive reasoning is:
6. In deductive reasoning, the argument is either valid or invalid.
7. The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
8. The “fallacy of hypostatization” treats an abstract word like a concrete word.
9. The fallacy that applies a double standard without warrant is called:
10. One should avoid using emotional language in an argument as it usually distorts and misleads the argument.
11. This fallacy is sometimes referred to as the false dilemma:
12. A well-known fallacy that is usually the result of ambiguous grammatical construction is called:
13. This fallacy claims that if a position is popular then it must be right:
14. The explanation that can be understood with the least amount of effort, vagueness, and ambiguity has the best:
15. A best explanation approach is often the best way to argue because many issues in philosophy do not have perfect solutions.
16. The principle of simplicity says we should try to simplify complex arguments.
17. One way to resolve the problem of conflicting authorities is to:
18. Knowing the main point of the argument will help me find the conclusion.
19. One factor that strengthens a causal argument:
20. Identify this kind of argument: If naturalism is true, then all things are determined and there is no free will. If there is no free will then morality makes no sense. Therefore, if naturalism is true then morality makes no sense.
21. Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
22. The formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument is called
23. An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false.”
24. If you have enough evidence you can be logically certain of a conclusion arrived at inductively.
25. An inductive argument is measured in degrees of probability:

Set 2

1. A one-to-one comparison between two or more things is:
2. The first and perhaps most primary law of logic is:
3. A mixed hypothetical syllogism in which the premise denies the consequent is called:
4. Propositions are evaluated according to their
5. The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
6. This fallacy claims that if a position is popular then it must be right:
7. A fallacy of relevance
8. This fallacy occurs when an argument is distorted to an extreme and becomes a false imitation of the original argument:
9. This fallacy is sometimes referred to as the false dilemma:
10. A fallacy of ambiguity:
11. One way to resolve the problem of conflicting authorities is to:
12. Ad Hoc refers to
13. A positive/negative approach is the weakest approach to take in presenting an argument.
14. Explanatory Scope refers to:
15. One way to defeat an argument using an example is to respond with a counterexample.
16. In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.
17. Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
18. An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false.”
19. Identify this kind of argument: If naturalism is true, then all things are determined and there is no free will. If there is no free will then morality makes no sense. Therefore, if naturalism is true then morality makes no sense.
20. An inference drawn from statistical reasoning is deductive.

Set 3

1. If an argument is sound, it means
2. A mixed hypothetical syllogism in which the premise denies the consequent is called:
3. The law of excluded middle states
4. Identify the following type of syllogism: “All philosophers are good looking individuals. All good looking individuals are intelligent. Therefore all philosophers are intelligent.
5. The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
6. This fallacy is sometimes referred to as the false dilemma:
7. A well-known fallacy that is usually the result of ambiguous grammatical construction is called:
8. The fallacy that applies a double standard without warrant is called:
9. The red herring fallacy:
10. “Begging the question” is a fallacy of presumption.
11. In the best explanation approach, illumination
12. Knowing the main point of the argument will help me find the conclusion.
13. A best explanation approach is often the best way to argue because many issues in philosophy do not have perfect solutions.
14. Occam’s razor says:
15. One factor that strengthens a causal argument:
16. The formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument is called
17. An inductive argument is measured in degrees of probability:
18. If you have enough evidence you can be logically certain of a conclusion arrived at inductively.
19. Identify this kind of argument: If naturalism is true, then all things are determined and there is no free will. If there is no free will then morality makes no sense. Therefore, if naturalism is true then morality makes no sense.
20. A sound deductive argument could be invalid.

Set 4

1. “Something is or is not” comes under the category of a law of logic:
2. A one‐to‐one comparison between two or more things is:
3. Identify the following type of argument: If Frank goes to the store, then Ben will go to the library. Frank went to the store, so Ben went to the library:
4. According to the reading, even God cannot create a contradiction.
5. The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
6. The fallacy that applies a double standard without warrant is called:
7. Identify the fallacy: Senator Newkirk’s arguments to increase federal spending for the military should be rejected. He is only arguing because he has several military bases in his state and is beginning his re‐election campaign.
8. Slippery slope and straw man are really doing the same thing, just in a different order.
9. This fallacy argues erroneously from the whole to each of the parts:
10. A fallacy of ambiguity:
11. The term that refers to a set of beliefs in which none of them contradicts the others:
12. The principle of simplicity says we should try to simplify complex arguments.
13. Which of the following should we do first in our analysis of the ‘validity’ of an argument?
14. Explanatory Scope refers to:
15. Plausibility is the aspect of a best explanation approach that
16. An inference drawn from statistical reasoning is deductive.
17. An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false.”
18. A sound deductive argument could be invalid.
19. In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.
20. An analogy is an inductive argument.

Set 5

1. We know that the laws of logic are self‐evident and undeniable because
2. If an argument is sound, it means
3. In a valid deductive argument the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.
4. The first and perhaps most primary law of logic is:
5. According to the reading, even God cannot create a contradiction.
6. The “fallacy of hypostatization” treats an abstract word like a concrete word.
7. This fallacy occurs when an argument is distorted to an extreme and becomes a false imitation of the original argument:
8. This fallacy is sometimes referred to as the false dilemma:
9. Identify the fallacy: Senator Newkirk’s arguments to increase federal spending for the military should be rejected. He is only arguing because he has several military bases in his state and is beginning his re‐election campaign.
10. This fallacy claims that if a position is popular then it must be right:
11. Explanatory Scope refers to:
12. Which of the following should we do first in our analysis of an argument’s validity?
13. In the best explanation approach, illumination
14. One factor that strengthens a causal argument:
15. The term that refers to a set of beliefs in which none of them contradicts the others
16. A sound deductive argument could be invalid.
17. An analogy is an inductive argument.
18. If you have enough evidence you can be logically certain of a conclusion arrived at inductively.
19. Invalid deductive arguments are the same as inductive arguments .
20. The formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument is called
21. “Something is or is not” comes under the category of a law of logic:
22. Propositions are evaluated according to their
23. We know that the laws of logic are self‐evident and undeniable because
24. No inductive argument can arrive at a logically certain conclusion, i.e. in which the conclusion is necessarily true .
25. According to the reading, even God cannot create a contradiction.
26. This fallacy argues erroneously from the whole to each of the parts:
27. “Begging the question” is a fallacy of presumption.
28. The fallacy that applies a double standard without warrant is called:
29. This fallacy is sometimes referred to as the false dilemma:
30. Identify the fallacy: The Bible says we should do to others what we would have them to do for us. Therefore I have no problem sharing the questions and answers of this quiz with another student.
31. The principle of simplicity says we should try to simplify complex arguments .
32. Which of the following should we do first in our analysis of an argument’s validity?
33. A best explanation approach is often the best way to argue because many issues in philosophy do not have perfect solutions .
34. One factor that strengthens a causal argument:
35. Knowing the main point of the argument will help me find the conclusion.
36. An argument where one gathers identical particular instances and arrives at a common conclusion
37. Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
38. An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false .”
39. An inductive argument is measured in degrees of probability:
40. A sound deductive argument could be invalid.
41. The “if” part of a hypothetical proposition is called the:
42. The three parts of an argument are _____________, inference, and conclusion:
43. It is possible for an argument to be valid and all the premises to be false.
44. Propositions are evaluated according to their
45. The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
46. Identify the fallacy: There are more churches in New York City than in any other city in the USA. New York City also has the highest amount of violent crime than any other city. It’s pretty obvious that to relieve the crime problem we should reduce the churches.
47. One should avoid using emotional language in an argument as it usually distorts and misleads the argument.
48. Identify the fallacy: Senator Newkirk’s arguments to increase federal spending for the military should be rejected. He is only arguing because he has several military bases in his state and is beginning his re‐election campaign.
49. A well‐known fallacy that is usually the result of ambiguous grammatical construction is called:
50. A fallacy of relevance:
51. A positive/negative approach is the weakest approach to take in presenting an argument.
52. Which of the following should we do first in our analysis of an argument’s validity?
53. Occam’s razor says:
54. One way to defeat an argument using an example is to respond with a counterexample.
55. One factor that strengthens a causal argument:
56. An argument where one gathers identical particular instances and arrives at a common conclusion:
57. Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
58. A sound deductive argument could be invalid.
59. In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid
60. The formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument is called